Selenium with Python Interview Questions
1. What is Selenium?
Selenium is an open-source tool used to automate web browsers. It supports multiple programming languages like Python, Java, and C#, and is mainly used for testing web applications.
2. What is Selenium WebDriver?
WebDriver is a part of Selenium that lets you control browsers through programming. In the context of Selenium with Python interview questions, WebDriver is often discussed because it interacts directly with the browser, allowing you to automate tasks like clicking buttons and entering text.
3. What are the main features of Selenium?
It supports multiple browsers, works across platforms, supports several programming languages like Python, and integrates with other testing tools.
4. What are the limitations of Selenium?
Selenium cannot test desktop applications, mobile apps, or handle things like CAPTCHA. It also doesn’t generate reports on its own.
5. What is the difference between Selenium 3 and Selenium 4?
Selenium 4 supports new browser standards, has better debugging tools, and improved support for modern browsers.
6. Which browsers are supported by Selenium?
Selenium works with Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Opera, and Internet Explorer using browser drivers.
7. What is XPath in Selenium?
XPath is a language used to find elements in web pages. It allows you to locate elements based on their position and attributes in the HTML.
8. What is the difference between absolute and relative XPath?
Absolute XPath starts from the root of the HTML document and is very long. Relative XPath starts from a specific point in the page and is shorter.
9. What are locators in Selenium?
Locators are ways to find elements on a web page. Common locators include ID, name, class name, tag name, link text, and XPath.
10. What is the use of the find element method?
It helps find a single element on the web page so you can interact with it, such as clicking or reading text.
11. What are implicit and explicit waits?
Implicit wait sets a fixed wait time for all elements. Explicit wait is used for specific elements until a certain condition is met.
12. How do you handle dropdowns in Selenium?
You can select options in a dropdown by choosing based on visible text, value, or position in the list.
13. What is a dynamic element?
It’s an element whose properties like ID or location keep changing every time the page loads.
14. How do you handle dynamic elements?
You can use flexible locators like relative XPath and wait for the element to appear before interacting with it.
15. How do you handle JavaScript alerts in Selenium?
You can switch to the alert, read its message, and either accept or dismiss it.
16. What is a frame and how do you switch to it in Selenium?
A frame is a section within a webpage that loads separately. You need to switch your control to the frame to access its content.
17. What is the difference between close and quit?
Close will shut the current browser tab. Quit will close all tabs and end the browser session.
18. What is the Page Object Model?
It is a design pattern that organizes code by separating page elements and test scripts. It makes tests easier to maintain and reuse.
19. What is the Actions class used for?
It helps simulate complex user actions like right-click, mouse hover, drag-and-drop, and double-click.
20. How do you perform right-click in Selenium?
You use actions to simulate a right-click on the element.
21. How do you perform mouse hover in Selenium?
You can move the mouse pointer over an element to trigger hover actions like dropdown menus.
22. What are some common exceptions in Selenium?
Some common ones are element not found, element not visible, timeout, and stale element reference.
23. How do you handle exceptions in Selenium?
You can use error handling methods to catch and manage unexpected issues during test execution.
24. What is the use of WebDriverWait?
It waits for a condition to occur, such as an element becoming clickable, before performing the next action.
25. How do you handle multiple browser tabs in Selenium?
You can switch between different open tabs and perform actions on them individually.
26. How do you switch back to the main content from a frame?
You exit the frame to return control to the main part of the web page.
27. What is fluent wait in Selenium?
It is a type of wait that checks repeatedly for a condition to be true, with flexible timing and ignoring certain errors.
28. What is headless mode in Selenium?
It allows the browser to run without a visible interface, making automation faster and useful for continuous integration.
29. How do you take a screenshot in Selenium using Python?
You can capture the current view of the webpage and save it as an image file.
30. What are cookies in Selenium and how do you manage them?
Cookies store session information. Selenium allows you to add, read, or delete them during tests.
31. How do you perform keyboard actions in Selenium?
You can simulate typing and pressing special keys like enter or tab.
32. How do you upload files in Selenium?
You can provide the full path of the file to the upload input field in the webpage.
33. How do you scroll a web page in Selenium?
You can scroll up, down, or to a specific element using browser commands.
34. What is the function of driver get in Selenium?
It opens a specific web page in the browser.
35. What is driver title and driver current URL?
Title returns the name of the page. Current URL gives you the web address of the current page.
36. How do you check if text is present on the page?
Find the element that contains the text and read its content to verify.
37. How do you generate logs in Selenium tests?
You can create logs to track test steps, results, and issues using logging tools.
38. How do you integrate Selenium with Pytest?
Write Selenium test cases inside Pytest functions and use test markers and fixtures for setup and teardown.
39. How do you run tests in parallel using Pytest?
You can install a plugin that allows multiple tests to run at the same time for faster execution.
40. Can Selenium be used for API testing?
Selenium is meant for UI testing, not for APIs. You should use separate tools for API tests.
41. How do you handle stale element reference exceptions?
You can refresh the element or wait until the page is fully loaded before interacting with it again.
42. How do you connect Selenium to a database?
Selenium doesn’t connect directly to databases, but you can use Python tools to run queries during tests.
43. How do you manage test data in Selenium tests?
You can use external files like Excel or CSV to store and load test data dynamically.
44. How do you verify broken links on a page using Selenium?
You collect all links from the page and check if they are working by sending requests and checking their responses.
45. What is TestNG and can it be used with Python?
TestNG is a Java-based framework. In Python, similar tools are Pytest and unittest.
46. How do you skip a test case in Pytest?
You can mark the test to be skipped so it won’t run during execution.
47. How do you retry failed tests in Pytest?
You can use a plugin that allows failed tests to run again automatically for a specified number of times.
48. How do you create reusable functions in Selenium with Python?
You write helper methods or classes and import them into your test files whenever needed.
49. What are best practices in Selenium automation?
Use waits wisely, keep test code clean, separate test data, and organize code using design patterns like Page Object Model.
50. What is the future of Selenium with Python?
Selenium with Python will continue to be in demand due to its ease of use, strong community, and growing role in automated testing across industries.
